Hypodermic needle or magic bullet model of media was popular in which decade ?

The hypodermic needle model, also known as the magic bullet model, of media effects was popular primarily in the mid-20th century, particularly from the 1920s to the 1940s. This model suggested that mass media, such as radio and later television, had a powerful and direct influence on individuals, much like a hypodermic needle injecting messages into passive audiences. According to this model, media messages were believed to be immediately and uniformly absorbed by the audience, shaping their thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. However, it is essential to note that this model has been heavily criticized and largely replaced by more complex and nuanced media effects theories.