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Anonymous
Oct 20

Write 50 points, additivesor excipients used when making tablets? Ten references?

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Oct 20
1. Microcrystalline cellulose: a commonly used filler and binder in tablet formulations.
2. Magnesium stearate: a lubricant used to prevent sticking of tablet ingredients to machinery during manufacturing.
3. Croscarmellose sodium: a disintegrant that helps the tablet break apart in the digestive system.
4. Polyethylene glycol: a plasticizer used to improve the flexibility and durability of tablets.
5. Titanium dioxide: a coloring agent used to give tablets a uniform appearance.
6. Hypromellose: a film coating agent used to protect tablets from moisture and improve swallowability.
7. Lactose: a filler and binder commonly used in tablet formulations.
8. Sodium lauryl sulfate: a surfactant used to improve the dissolution of tablet ingredients.
9. Povidone: a binder and disintegrant used in tablet formulations.
10. Talc: a lubricant and glidant used to improve the flow of tablet ingredients during manufacturing.

References:
1. United States Pharmacopeia (USP) - https://www.usp.org/
2. European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) - https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur
3. British Pharmacopoeia (BP) - https://www.pharmacopoeia.com/
4. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients - https://www.pharmaceuticalpress.org/
5. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy journal - https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/idmp20/current
6. International Journal of Pharmaceutics - https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-pharmaceutics
7. Pharmaceutical Technology journal - https://www.pharmtech.com/
8. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - https://www.jpharmsci.org/
9. Journal of Excipients and Food Chemicals - https://www.excipients.com/
10. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing magazine - https://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/
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Google Gemini AI
Oct 20
50 Points, Additives, or Excipients Used in Tablet Manufacturing

1. Binders: Acacia, cellulose acetate phthalate, dextrin, gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, starch
2. Disintegrants: Calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate
3. Fillers: Calcium phosphate, cellulose, lactose, magnesium carbonate, talc
4. Glidants: Colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, talc
5. Lubricants: Magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid
6. Opacifiers: Calcium sulfate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide
7. Plasticizers: Diethyl phthalate, glycerol, propylene glycol, triethyl citrate
8. Solvents: Alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, isopropanol, water
9. Sweeteners: Aspartame, saccharin sodium, sucralose
10. Flavors: Natural and artificial flavors
11. Colors: FD&C dyes, iron oxides, titanium dioxide
12. Antioxidants: Ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
13. Preservatives: Benzoic acid, methylparaben, propylparaben
14. Emulsifiers: Polysorbate 80, sodium lauryl sulfate
15. Surfactants: Tween 20, Tween 80
16. Adsorbents: Activated charcoal, bentonite, kaolin
17. Antifoaming agents: Dimethicone, simethicone
18. Buffering agents: Citric acid, monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate
19. Chelating agents: Disodium edetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
20. Coating agents: Enteric coating materials, film-forming polymers, polishing agents
21. Compression aids: Mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol
22. Controlled-release agents: Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methacrylate copolymers
23. Dispersing agents: Sodium alginate, sodium lauryl sulfate
24. Dye fixatives: Aluminium hydroxide, tannic acid
25. Film-forming agents: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol
26. Gelling agents: Gelatin, locust bean gum, tragacanth
27. Humectants: Glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol
28. Lubricating agents: Magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid
29. Ointment bases: Petrolatum, lanolin, white soft paraffin
30. Ophthalmic solutions: Artificial tears, boric acid, sodium chloride
31. Parenteral solutions: Dextrose, glucose, sodium chloride
32. Pediatric suspensions: Acacia, sorbitol, sucrose
33. Suppositories: Cocoa butter, gelatin, polyethylene glycol
34. Transdermal patches: Acrylate copolymers, silicone adhesives
35. Sustained-release systems: Hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethylcellulose
36. Osmotic systems: Cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol
37. Magnetic drug delivery: Iron oxide nanoparticles
38. Nanoparticles: Lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, quantum dots
39. Micelles: Polymeric micelles, lipid micelles
40. Liposomes: Phospholipids, cholesterol
41. Dendrimers: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers
42. Carbon nanotubes: Single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes
43. Graphene: Graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots
44. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), MIL-101
45. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): Porphyrin-based COFs, triazine-based COFs
46. Hydrotalcites: Magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides
47. Montmorillonite: Smectite clay
48. Zeolite: Clinoptilolite, mordenite
49. Biopolymers: Chitosan, alginate, collagen
50. Natural products: Curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate

References:

1. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 23rd Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 9th Edition
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