1 Explain five programming steps of development? 2 state at least salient characteristic of Java programming?

1. Planning: This involves defining the problem, determining the requirements, and creating a plan for how the program will be developed.

2. Design: This step involves creating a detailed design of the program, including the overall structure, algorithms, and data structures that will be used.

3. Implementation: This is the actual coding phase, where the program is written according to the design specifications.

4. Testing: This step involves testing the program to ensure that it works correctly and meets the requirements outlined in the planning phase.

5. Maintenance: Once the program is completed and deployed, maintenance involves making updates and improvements as needed to keep the program running smoothly.

2. Salient characteristics of Java programming include:
- Java is platform-independent, meaning that Java programs can run on any device that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.
- Java is object-oriented, allowing for the creation of modular and reusable code.
- Java is secure, with features such as automatic memory management and built-in security mechanisms to prevent common programming errors.
- Java is robust, with strong error-checking and exception handling capabilities.
- Java is widely used in enterprise applications and web development, making it a valuable skill for programmers.

1. Five Programming Steps of Development

1. Problem Definition: Define the problem to be solved, understanding its requirements and constraints.
2. Analysis and Design: Decompose the problem into smaller modules, design algorithms, and create a logical structure for the solution.
3. Implementation: Translate the design into a specific programming language, creating source code that implements the logic.
4. Testing and Debugging: Validate the code's behavior, identify and fix any errors, and ensure it meets the requirements.
5. Deployment and Maintenance: Deploy the code into a production environment, monitor its performance, and make necessary updates and enhancements over time.

2. Salient Characteristics of Java Programming

- Object-Orientedness: Java is a purely object-oriented language, promoting encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
- Platform Independence: Java code is compiled into bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM), regardless of the underlying platform.
- Security: Java includes robust security features such as memory management, type checking, and access control.
- Portability: Java programs can be easily ported to different platforms as they run on the JVM.
- Concurrency: Java supports multithreading and synchronization, allowing for efficient handling of concurrent tasks.
- Extensibility: Java provides an extensive set of APIs and libraries, making it easy to integrate with other systems and technologies.
- Simplicity and Readability: Java's syntax is designed to be simple and easy to understand, enhancing code readability and maintainability.
- Garbage Collection: Java automatically handles memory management, freeing developers from the burden of manual memory allocation and deallocation.