Characteristics of Renaissance movement?

1. Humanism: The Renaissance was characterized by a renewed interest in humanism, which emphasized the importance of human potential and achievement. This led to a focus on individualism, secularism, and the study of classical texts.

2. Artistic innovation: The Renaissance saw a flourishing of artistic creativity, with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael producing some of the most iconic works of art in history. This period also saw the development of new techniques and styles, such as perspective and chiaroscuro.

3. Scientific advancements: The Renaissance was a time of great scientific discovery, with figures like Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler making groundbreaking contributions to fields such as astronomy and physics. This period also saw the development of the scientific method.

4. Exploration and discovery: The Renaissance was a time of great exploration, with European explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan making significant voyages to new lands. This led to the expansion of European empires and the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.

5. Religious reform: The Renaissance also saw the rise of religious reform movements, most notably the Protestant Reformation led by figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. This led to the fragmentation of the Catholic Church and the establishment of new Christian denominations.

6. Education and literacy: The Renaissance saw a renewed emphasis on education and literacy, with the establishment of universities and the printing press making knowledge more accessible to a wider audience. This led to an increase in literacy rates and the spread of new ideas and knowledge.

Humanism:
- Focus on human reason, potential, and experience
- Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman literature and philosophy
- Belief in the power of education to improve individuals and society

Individualism:
- Recognition of the unique worth of each individual
- Celebration of personal achievement and self-expression
- Rise of portraiture as a means of capturing individual likeness

Secularism:
- Shift away from religious dominance towards a more secular perspective
- Exploration of subjects beyond the realm of religion, such as art, science, and literature

Artistic and Architectural Innovations:
- Realist painting and sculpture, depicting human figures with accuracy and emotion
- Use of perspective and chiaroscuro to create depth and drama
- Revival of classical architectural elements, such as columns, arches, and domes

Scientific and Intellectual Revolution:
- Scientific discoveries, such as Copernicus's heliocentric model and Vesalius's anatomical studies
- Questioning of traditional authorities, including the Catholic Church
- Rise of universities and the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation

Exploration and Discovery:
- European voyages of exploration, leading to the discovery of new continents and civilizations
- Expansion of knowledge about the world and its inhabitants

Music:
- Development of polyphony, with multiple melodies played simultaneously
- Use of harmony and counterpoint
- Rise of secular vocal music, such as madrigals and chansons

Literature:
- Creation of vernacular literature, written in the language of the common people
- Focus on themes of love, adventure, and morality
- Development of new literary forms, such as sonnets and novellas