Characterization of agroforestry species woody perennial species ?

Agroforestry species are woody perennial species that are specifically selected and cultivated for their ability to provide multiple benefits in agroforestry systems. These species are chosen based on their adaptability to the local climate and soil conditions, as well as their ability to interact positively with other crops and livestock.

Characteristics of agroforestry species include:

1. Multipurpose: Agroforestry species are selected for their ability to provide multiple benefits. They may produce food, fuel, timber, fodder, or other valuable products. For example, some species may have edible fruits or nuts, while others may have leaves that can be used as animal feed.

2. Nitrogen fixation: Many agroforestry species have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This helps improve soil fertility and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers.

3. Deep root systems: Agroforestry species often have deep root systems that help them access water and nutrients from deeper soil layers. This can be beneficial in areas with limited water availability or poor soil conditions.

4. Shade tolerance: Agroforestry species are often selected for their ability to tolerate shade. This allows them to be integrated into agroforestry systems where they can provide shade for other crops, reducing water evaporation and improving microclimate conditions.

5. Drought tolerance: Many agroforestry species are adapted to dry or arid conditions and have mechanisms to withstand periods of drought. This makes them suitable for agroforestry systems in regions with limited water resources.

6. Pest and disease resistance: Agroforestry species are often chosen for their resistance to pests and diseases. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides and promotes a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture.

7. Fast growth: Some agroforestry species have rapid growth rates, allowing for quicker establishment and earlier benefits. This can be advantageous in agroforestry systems where short-term benefits are desired.

Overall, agroforestry species are selected and characterized based on their ability to provide a range of benefits, adaptability to local conditions, and compatibility with other crops and livestock in agroforestry systems.

Elaborate ( discuss) the traditional agroforestry practices common in Ethiopia