Define the following as applied hydroelectric power plant. Dam, reservoir, tail race? And out line electric equipment found in an H.E.P station, And explain the functions the following Surge tank ?

- Dam: A dam is a barrier that is constructed across a river or stream to create a reservoir of water. The dam is used to control the flow of water and create a head of water that can be used to generate electricity in a hydroelectric power plant.

- Reservoir: A reservoir is a large body of water that is created by a dam. The reservoir stores water that can be released through the dam to generate electricity in a hydroelectric power plant.

- Tail race: The tail race is the channel or tunnel through which water flows out of the hydroelectric power plant after it has passed through the turbines. The water is then released back into the river or stream.

Electric equipment found in an H.E.P station:
1. Turbines: Turbines are used to convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy.
2. Generators: Generators are used to convert the mechanical energy produced by the turbines into electrical energy.
3. Transformers: Transformers are used to increase the voltage of the electricity generated so that it can be transmitted over long distances.
4. Switchgear: Switchgear is used to control the flow of electricity within the power plant and to protect the equipment from damage.

Surge tank: A surge tank is a reservoir or tank that is used to absorb sudden changes in water flow in a hydroelectric power plant. When there is a sudden increase in water flow, the surge tank can store the excess water and release it gradually to prevent damage to the turbines and other equipment. The surge tank helps to stabilize the flow of water and maintain a constant level of water pressure in the system.