Describe briefly how the component of air can be obtained from the atmosphere?

The component of air, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases, can be obtained from the atmosphere through various methods such as fractional distillation, membrane separation, and adsorption. Fractional distillation involves cooling and condensing air to separate its components based on their boiling points. Membrane separation uses semi-permeable membranes to selectively separate gases based on their size and solubility. Adsorption involves passing air through a material that selectively adsorbs certain gases, allowing for their separation.

Oxygen:
- Fractional distillation of liquid air
- Cryogenic separation using liquefaction and fractionation

Nitrogen:
- Fractional distillation of liquid air
- Cryogenic separation using liquefaction and fractionation
- Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
- Membrane separation

Argon:
- Fractional distillation of liquid air
- Cryogenic separation using liquefaction and fractionation
- PSA
- Membrane separation

Carbon Dioxide:
- Absorbent solutions (e.g., amine solutions)
- Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
- Membrane separation

Other Components (e.g., Water Vapor):
- Condensation
- Desiccation