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Differentiate parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerve system???
Anonymous
Dec 5, 2023
Differentiate parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerve system???
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Dec 5, 2023
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. They have opposite effects on various organs and systems in the body.
1. Function: The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest, relaxation, and digestion. It conserves energy and slows down bodily functions. On the other hand, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action, commonly known as the "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and redirects blood flow to the muscles.
2. Nerve Origin: Parasympathetic nerves originate from the cranial nerves (specifically the vagus nerve) and the sacral region of the spinal cord (S2-S4). Sympathetic nerves originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (T1-L2).
3. Neurotransmitters: The parasympathetic nervous system primarily uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter, both pre- and post-synaptically. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as the pre-synaptic neurotransmitter and norepinephrine as the post-synaptic neurotransmitter.
4. Effects on Organs: Parasympathetic stimulation slows down heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes salivation. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, and inhibits salivation. These effects are generally opposite to each other.
5. Response to Stress: The parasympathetic nervous system helps the body recover from stress by promoting relaxation and restoring normal bodily functions. The sympathetic nervous system responds to stress by activating the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for immediate action.
In summary, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have opposite effects on bodily functions. The parasympathetic system promotes rest and digestion, while the sympathetic system prepares the body for action and stress response.
1. Function: The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest, relaxation, and digestion. It conserves energy and slows down bodily functions. On the other hand, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action, commonly known as the "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and redirects blood flow to the muscles.
2. Nerve Origin: Parasympathetic nerves originate from the cranial nerves (specifically the vagus nerve) and the sacral region of the spinal cord (S2-S4). Sympathetic nerves originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (T1-L2).
3. Neurotransmitters: The parasympathetic nervous system primarily uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter, both pre- and post-synaptically. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as the pre-synaptic neurotransmitter and norepinephrine as the post-synaptic neurotransmitter.
4. Effects on Organs: Parasympathetic stimulation slows down heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes salivation. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, and inhibits salivation. These effects are generally opposite to each other.
5. Response to Stress: The parasympathetic nervous system helps the body recover from stress by promoting relaxation and restoring normal bodily functions. The sympathetic nervous system responds to stress by activating the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for immediate action.
In summary, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have opposite effects on bodily functions. The parasympathetic system promotes rest and digestion, while the sympathetic system prepares the body for action and stress response.
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