Explain 2 methods used to measure flow?

1. Flow meters: Flow meters are devices used to measure the rate of flow of a liquid or gas through a pipe or channel. There are various types of flow meters available, including differential pressure meters, electromagnetic meters, ultrasonic meters, and turbine meters. These devices work by measuring the pressure, velocity, or volume of the fluid passing through them, and then converting this information into a flow rate measurement.

2. Velocity measurement: Another method used to measure flow is by directly measuring the velocity of the fluid at a specific point in the flow stream. This can be done using techniques such as pitot tubes, hot wire anemometers, or laser Doppler velocimetry. By measuring the velocity of the fluid at different points in the flow stream and integrating these measurements over the cross-sectional area of the pipe or channel, the flow rate can be calculated. This method is often used in research and experimental settings where precise flow measurements are required.