Explain how serializability is achieved through locking mechanism?

Serializability is achieved through locking mechanism by ensuring that only one transaction can access a particular data item at a time. When a transaction wants to read or write a data item, it must first acquire a lock on that item. This prevents other transactions from accessing the same data item until the lock is released.

By using locks, the database management system can control the order in which transactions access data items, ensuring that transactions are executed in a serializable manner. This means that the final result of executing multiple transactions is equivalent to some serial order of executing those transactions.

Locking mechanisms also help prevent conflicts between transactions, such as the lost update problem or the uncommitted dependency problem. By acquiring and releasing locks in a controlled manner, the database management system can ensure that transactions are executed in a way that maintains data consistency and integrity.