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Fallacies of presumption?
Meiraf Tsegaye
Feb 13
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Feb 13
There are several fallacies of presumption, which occur when an argument is based on an unwarranted assumption or presupposition. Some common fallacies of presumption include:
1. Begging the question: This fallacy occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed in one of the premises. It essentially assumes what it is trying to prove, making the argument circular and lacking in evidence.
Example: "God exists because the Bible says so, and we know the Bible is true because it is the word of God."
2. False dichotomy: This fallacy presents a situation as having only two possible options, when in reality there may be other alternatives or possibilities.
Example: "You're either with us or against us."
3. Loaded question: This fallacy involves asking a question that contains an unjustified assumption or presupposition.
Example: "Have you stopped cheating on exams?"
4. Complex question: Similar to a loaded question, this fallacy involves asking a question that presupposes the truth of another unproven claim.
Example: "When did you stop beating your spouse?"
5. False cause: This fallacy assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two events without sufficient evidence to support the connection.
Example: "Every time I wear my lucky socks, my team wins. Therefore, my lucky socks are the reason for our victories."
6. Hasty generalization: This fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient or biased evidence.
Example: "I met one rude person from that country, so everyone from that country must be rude."
These are just a few examples of fallacies of presumption. It is important to recognize and avoid these fallacies in order to construct valid and sound arguments.
1. Begging the question: This fallacy occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed in one of the premises. It essentially assumes what it is trying to prove, making the argument circular and lacking in evidence.
Example: "God exists because the Bible says so, and we know the Bible is true because it is the word of God."
2. False dichotomy: This fallacy presents a situation as having only two possible options, when in reality there may be other alternatives or possibilities.
Example: "You're either with us or against us."
3. Loaded question: This fallacy involves asking a question that contains an unjustified assumption or presupposition.
Example: "Have you stopped cheating on exams?"
4. Complex question: Similar to a loaded question, this fallacy involves asking a question that presupposes the truth of another unproven claim.
Example: "When did you stop beating your spouse?"
5. False cause: This fallacy assumes a cause-and-effect relationship between two events without sufficient evidence to support the connection.
Example: "Every time I wear my lucky socks, my team wins. Therefore, my lucky socks are the reason for our victories."
6. Hasty generalization: This fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient or biased evidence.
Example: "I met one rude person from that country, so everyone from that country must be rude."
These are just a few examples of fallacies of presumption. It is important to recognize and avoid these fallacies in order to construct valid and sound arguments.
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