Features that form ocean topography?

1. Continental shelves: These are shallow, gently sloping areas that extend from the shoreline to the continental slope. They are typically rich in marine life and are important for fishing and oil exploration.

2. Continental slopes: These are steeply sloping areas that connect the continental shelf to the deep ocean floor. They are often marked by underwater canyons and channels.

3. Abyssal plains: These are flat, sediment-covered areas that lie between the continental slopes and ocean ridges. They are the most extensive feature of the ocean floor and are home to a variety of marine life.

4. Ocean ridges: These are underwater mountain ranges that form at divergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart. They are characterized by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.

5. Trenches: These are deep, narrow depressions in the ocean floor that form at convergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are colliding. The Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean is the deepest trench in the world.

6. Seamounts: These are underwater mountains that rise from the ocean floor but do not reach the surface. They are often formed by volcanic activity and can be hotspots of biodiversity.

7. Guyots: These are flat-topped seamounts that have been eroded by wave action. They are typically found in the Pacific Ocean and are remnants of ancient volcanic islands.

8. Mid-ocean ridges: These are underwater mountain ranges that form at divergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart. They are characterized by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.

Tectonic Features:

- Mid-ocean ridges: Linear mountain ranges formed by the spreading of tectonic plates.
- Trench systems: Deep depressions formed at subduction zones where one plate slides beneath another.
- Transform faults: Fractures in the Earth's crust where plates slide past each other horizontally.
- Seamounts: Underwater mountains formed by volcanic activity.
- Guyots: Flat-topped underwater mountains that were once above sea level.

Erosional Features:

- Canyons: Steep-sided valleys cut into the ocean floor by underwater currents.
- Trenches: Deep, narrow depressions that form along convergent plate boundaries.

Depositional Features:

- Abyssal plains: Flat, sediment-covered areas found at the base of continental slopes.
- Turbidite fans: Submarine fan-shaped deposits formed by the deposition of sediments carried by turbidity currents.
- Coral reefs: Limestone structures built by colonies of coral polyps.

Volcanic Features:

- Seamounts: Underwater mountains formed by volcanic activity.
- Volcanic islands: Islands formed by volcanic eruptions above sea level.

Sedimentary Features:

- Abyssal plains: Flat, sediment-covered areas found at the base of continental slopes.
- Continental shelves: Shallow areas surrounding continents that extend out to the continental slope.
- Deltaic plains: Deposits formed where rivers discharge sediment into the ocean.

Hydrothermal Features:

- Black smokers: Deep-sea vents that release hot, mineral-rich fluids from the Earth's crust.
- White smokers: Deep-sea vents that release fluids at lower temperatures than black smokers.