Give the historical background of Tanganyika and Zanzibar?

Tanganyika and Zanzibar are two regions that were historically part of present-day Tanzania.

Tanganyika was a German colony from the late 19th century until the end of World War I, when it was placed under British mandate by the League of Nations. It gained independence in 1961 and became a republic in 1962. Julius Nyerere, a key figure in the independence movement, became the first president of Tanganyika. In 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania.

Zanzibar, on the other hand, was a major trading hub in the Indian Ocean and was ruled by the Sultanate of Oman from the 17th century until the late 19th century. It became a British protectorate in 1890 and gained independence in 1963. However, just a month after independence, a revolution led by the Afro-Shirazi Party overthrew the Sultan and established a republic. Zanzibar then joined with Tanganyika to form Tanzania in 1964.

The union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was seen as a way to promote unity and stability in the region, as well as to strengthen their economies and political power. The two regions have since worked together to build a unified nation, with both regions maintaining their own governments and identities within the framework of the United Republic of Tanzania.

Tanganyika

- 1880s-1890s: German colonial rule
- 1896-1919: German East Africa
- 1919-1961: British Mandate of Tanganyika
- 1961: Tanganyika gained independence

Zanzibar

- 8th century: Arab trading post established on Zanzibar Island
- 13th century: Swahili city-states emerge
- 1500s-1800s: Portuguese and Omani rule
- 1890: Zanzibar Sultanate becomes a British protectorate
- 1963: Zanzibar gained independence
- 1964: United with Tanganyika to form Tanzania