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How do link and phelan define fundamental causes of a disease?
Hitesh Raja
more than 2 weeks ago
How do link and phelan define fundamental causes of a disease?
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ChatGPT
more than 2 weeks ago
Link and Phelan define fundamental causes of a disease as the underlying social conditions and structures that shape and influence multiple risk factors for a disease. These fundamental causes are persistent over time, are linked to multiple diseases, and are associated with access to resources and opportunities that can affect health outcomes. Examples of fundamental causes include socioeconomic status, education, and access to healthcare.
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Google Gemini AI
more than 2 weeks ago
Link and Phelan's Definition of Fundamental Causes of a Disease
According to Link and Phelan, fundamental causes of a disease are "the social, economic, and environmental determinants that contribute to differences in health status." These determinants include:
- Conditions of daily life: Housing, poverty, education, food security, social support
- Living and working conditions: Air quality, noise, water quality, occupational hazards
- Social gradients: Income, education, social status, and the resulting inequalities in health and well-being
- Access to quality healthcare: Availability, affordability, and effectiveness of healthcare services
Key Characteristics of Fundamental Causes:
- Upstream determinants: They occur upstream of specific biological mechanisms and disease outcomes.
- Inequitable distribution: They are not evenly distributed across populations, resulting in health disparities.
- Modifiable: They are factors that can be changed through social, economic, and environmental interventions.
- Cumulative effects: They accumulate over time, increasing the risk of disease.
- Structural determinants: They are embedded in society's institutions and policies, shaping the distribution of resources and opportunities.
Examples:
- Poverty: Lack of financial resources limits access to adequate housing, nutrition, and healthcare.
- Poor housing conditions: Overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and exposure to toxic substances can contribute to respiratory infections and other health problems.
- Air pollution: Exposure to particulate matter and other pollutants increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
- Workplace hazards: Prolonged exposure to chemicals, noise, or physical stress can lead to occupational injuries and chronic health conditions.
According to Link and Phelan, fundamental causes of a disease are "the social, economic, and environmental determinants that contribute to differences in health status." These determinants include:
- Conditions of daily life: Housing, poverty, education, food security, social support
- Living and working conditions: Air quality, noise, water quality, occupational hazards
- Social gradients: Income, education, social status, and the resulting inequalities in health and well-being
- Access to quality healthcare: Availability, affordability, and effectiveness of healthcare services
Key Characteristics of Fundamental Causes:
- Upstream determinants: They occur upstream of specific biological mechanisms and disease outcomes.
- Inequitable distribution: They are not evenly distributed across populations, resulting in health disparities.
- Modifiable: They are factors that can be changed through social, economic, and environmental interventions.
- Cumulative effects: They accumulate over time, increasing the risk of disease.
- Structural determinants: They are embedded in society's institutions and policies, shaping the distribution of resources and opportunities.
Examples:
- Poverty: Lack of financial resources limits access to adequate housing, nutrition, and healthcare.
- Poor housing conditions: Overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and exposure to toxic substances can contribute to respiratory infections and other health problems.
- Air pollution: Exposure to particulate matter and other pollutants increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
- Workplace hazards: Prolonged exposure to chemicals, noise, or physical stress can lead to occupational injuries and chronic health conditions.
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