Identify and discuss four factors that influenced the development of education in Kenya from 1945-1963?

1. Colonial influence: During this period, Kenya was under British colonial rule, and the education system was heavily influenced by British policies and practices. The British colonial government introduced a system of education that was designed to serve the needs of the colonial administration, with a focus on producing a skilled workforce to support the colonial economy. This system of education was largely elitist and did not cater to the needs of the majority of the population.

2. Nationalist movements: The period from 1945 to 1963 saw the rise of nationalist movements in Kenya, with groups such as the Mau Mau fighting for independence from British colonial rule. These movements played a significant role in shaping the development of education in Kenya, as they advocated for a more inclusive and equitable education system that would cater to the needs of all Kenyans, rather than just the elite.

3. Economic factors: The economic conditions in Kenya during this period also influenced the development of education. The colonial economy was largely based on agriculture, and there was a growing demand for skilled workers in this sector. As a result, there was an increased focus on vocational and technical education to meet the needs of the economy.

4. Social factors: Social factors such as urbanization, population growth, and changing social norms also influenced the development of education in Kenya during this period. Urbanization led to an increased demand for education in urban areas, while population growth put pressure on the education system to expand and accommodate more students. Changing social norms, such as the increasing importance of education for social mobility, also played a role in shaping the development of education in Kenya during this period.

1. Post-World War II Colonial Policies:

- The British colonial administration recognized the educational needs of African colonies, particularly in light of the growing nationalist sentiments during and after the war.
- The Phelps-Stoke Commission Report (1948) recommended expanding access to secondary and post-secondary education for Africans.

2. African Nationalism and Political Activism:

- African nationalist leaders such as Jomo Kenyatta and Tom Mboya advocated for education as a fundamental right and a means of empowering Africans to participate in political and economic life.
- The political struggle against colonial rule motivated many Kenyans to seek education as a tool for self-determination.

3. Missionaries and Religious Groups:

- Christian missionaries played a significant role in establishing schools and providing basic education in Kenya.
- They often emphasized the importance of literacy and skills training for economic development and social progress.

4. Socio-Economic Conditions:

- The growing urbanization and industrialization during this period created a demand for a literate workforce.
- Educational opportunities became increasingly important for aspiring Kenyans to secure jobs and improve their livelihoods.
- Rural communities also recognized the benefits of education for their children's future prospects.