ing the Neoclassical theorydiscuss with a well detailed examples,how Military expenditure would be used as a public goods?

Neoclassical theory suggests that government spending should be allocated in a way that maximizes the overall welfare of society. One way in which military expenditure can be seen as a public good is through its provision of national defense, which is essential for ensuring the safety and security of citizens. In the context of Neoclassical theory, public goods are defined as goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that their consumption by one individual does not reduce their availability for others. National defense can be considered a public good because its benefits are shared by all citizens, regardless of whether or not they directly contribute to its provision. The provision of national defense through military expenditure can have several positive effects on society. For example, it can create a sense of security and stability, which can attract investment and promote economic growth. National defense can also deter potential aggressors, reducing the likelihood of conflict and the associated costs in terms of human lives and economic resources. A well-detailed example of how military expenditure can be used as a public good can be seen in the case of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). NATO is a military alliance formed in 1949 with the primary goal of providing collective defense against potential aggressors. The alliance operates on the principle of collective defense, meaning that an attack on one member is considered an attack on all members. This principle is supported by a significant level of military expenditure by each member state, which is used to fund the alliance's various activities and initiatives. By pooling their resources in this way, NATO member states are able to provide a level of national defense that would be difficult to achieve individually. This shared provision of defense can be seen as a public good, as the benefits are shared by all member states, regardless of the level of their contribution. The provision of national defense through NATO has helped to maintain peace and stability in the region, reducing the likelihood of conflict and promoting economic growth and development. Overall, Neoclassical theory suggests that military expenditure can be used as a public good through its provision of national defense. By allocating resources in a way that maximizes the overall welfare of society, governments can ensure that citizens benefit from the security and stability provided by the provision of national defense.