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Types of neurotransmitter :- Mechanism of transmission through synapse and neuromuscular junction?
Anonymous
Dec 10, 2023
Types of neurotransmitter :- Mechanism of transmission through synapse and neuromuscular junction?
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Dec 10, 2023
There are several types of neurotransmitters that play a role in the transmission of signals through synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Some of the major neurotransmitters and their mechanisms of transmission are:
1. Acetylcholine (ACh): ACh is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber. This binding triggers an influx of calcium ions, leading to muscle contraction.
2. Glutamate: Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding allows positively charged ions, such as sodium and calcium, to enter the postsynaptic neuron, leading to depolarization and the generation of an action potential.
3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to GABA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding allows negatively charged ions, such as chloride, to enter the postsynaptic neuron, leading to hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.
4. Dopamine: Dopamine is involved in various functions, including reward, motivation, and movement control. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to dopamine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the specific receptor subtype involved.
5. Serotonin: Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to serotonin receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding can modulate the activity of the postsynaptic neuron, either increasing or decreasing its excitability.
These neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses and neuromuscular junctions by binding to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding triggers a series of biochemical events that ultimately lead to changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential and subsequent transmission of the signal.
1. Acetylcholine (ACh): ACh is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber. This binding triggers an influx of calcium ions, leading to muscle contraction.
2. Glutamate: Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to glutamate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding allows positively charged ions, such as sodium and calcium, to enter the postsynaptic neuron, leading to depolarization and the generation of an action potential.
3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to GABA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding allows negatively charged ions, such as chloride, to enter the postsynaptic neuron, leading to hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.
4. Dopamine: Dopamine is involved in various functions, including reward, motivation, and movement control. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to dopamine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the specific receptor subtype involved.
5. Serotonin: Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. It is released from the presynaptic terminal and binds to serotonin receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding can modulate the activity of the postsynaptic neuron, either increasing or decreasing its excitability.
These neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses and neuromuscular junctions by binding to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding triggers a series of biochemical events that ultimately lead to changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential and subsequent transmission of the signal.
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