What are features we are looking for when carrying out extra oral examination?

When carrying out an extraoral examination, the following features are typically looked for:

1. Facial symmetry: The examiner checks for any asymmetry or abnormalities in the face, such as facial drooping or swelling.

2. Skin condition: The condition of the skin on the face and neck is assessed for any rashes, lesions, discoloration, or signs of infection.

3. Swelling or masses: Any abnormal swelling or masses in the face, neck, or jaw area are noted and examined further.

4. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function: The examiner evaluates the movement and function of the TMJ by checking for any clicking, popping, or limited range of motion during jaw opening and closing.

5. Lymph nodes: The presence, size, and tenderness of lymph nodes in the neck and jaw area are assessed, as enlarged or tender lymph nodes may indicate infection or inflammation.

6. Salivary glands: The examiner checks for any swelling, tenderness, or abnormalities in the salivary glands, such as the parotid and submandibular glands.

7. Cranial nerve function: The examiner assesses the function of cranial nerves related to the head and neck, such as the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) for facial muscle movement and sensation.

8. Bite and occlusion: The alignment and relationship of the upper and lower teeth, as well as any abnormalities in the bite or occlusion, are examined.

9. Lips and oral mucosa: The condition of the lips and oral mucosa is evaluated for any abnormalities, such as ulcers, lesions, or discoloration.

10. Range of motion: The examiner checks the range of motion of the jaw, neck, and head to assess any limitations or abnormalities.

These features help in identifying any potential oral or systemic health issues, such as infections, tumors, or temporomandibular joint disorders.

Moderate