What are the description of the location of informal settlement in relation the inner city in economic geography at Johannesburg?

Informal settlements in Johannesburg are typically located on the outskirts of the inner city, often in areas that are undeveloped or have been abandoned. These settlements are characterized by a lack of basic services such as water, sanitation, and electricity, and are often overcrowded and poorly constructed. The residents of these settlements are typically low-income individuals who are unable to afford formal housing in the city. The proximity of these settlements to the inner city allows residents to access employment opportunities and services, but also exposes them to the negative impacts of urban poverty and inequality.

Proximity to the Inner City:

- Informal settlements are often located on the edge of or within close proximity to the inner city.
- This proximity provides residents with access to essential services, employment opportunities, and infrastructure found in the city center.
- Examples in Johannesburg include settlements in Hillbrow, Berea, and Yeoville.

Expansion and Densification:

- Over time, informal settlements have expanded and densified as a result of population growth and lack of affordable housing options.
- They often extend into or beyond the initial peri-urban or suburban boundaries.
- In Johannesburg, Alexandra has grown significantly since its inception in 1912, and now accommodates over 400,000 residents.

Encroachment on Formal Areas:

- In some instances, informal settlements encroach on formal residential or industrial areas.
- This can lead to conflicts over land use and property values.
- In Johannesburg, informal settlements have been established near wealthier neighborhoods such as Parkhurst and Houghton.

Transport Links and Accessibility:

- Informal settlements are often located along major transport corridors, such as highways, railways, or bus routes.
- This provides residents with access to employment and educational opportunities outside the immediate area.
- Examples include settlements along the N1 highway in northern Johannesburg.

Hidden Pockets and Informal Spaces:

- Some informal settlements are located in hidden locations, such as abandoned buildings, vacant lots, or on steep slopes.
- These settlements are often overlooked by authorities and lack access to basic services.
- Examples in Johannesburg include settlements in the underpasses of highways and on the banks of rivers.

Urban Renewal and Gentrification:

- Urban renewal and gentrification processes in the inner city can lead to the displacement of informal settlement residents.
- Rising property values and increased development pressures make it difficult for low-income residents to stay in these areas.
- In Johannesburg, gentrification in areas like Braamfontein has displaced some informal settlements.