Write factors that affecting the enzymes action and explain each of them?

1. Temperature: Enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they function most efficiently. At temperatures above or below this optimal range, the enzyme's activity can be significantly reduced or even denatured. This is because temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules, and at extreme temperatures, the enzyme's structure can be altered, rendering it inactive.

2. pH: Enzymes also have an optimal pH at which they function best. Changes in pH can alter the charge of amino acid residues in the enzyme's active site, affecting its ability to bind to the substrate. Extreme pH levels can denature the enzyme, leading to a loss of activity.

3. Substrate concentration: The rate of enzyme activity is often dependent on the concentration of the substrate. At low substrate concentrations, the enzyme may not be saturated with substrate molecules, leading to slower reaction rates. However, at high substrate concentrations, the enzyme may become saturated, and the rate of reaction may plateau.

4. Enzyme concentration: The rate of enzyme activity is also influenced by the concentration of the enzyme itself. Increasing the enzyme concentration can lead to a higher rate of reaction, as there are more enzyme molecules available to catalyze the reaction. However, once all the substrate molecules are bound to enzymes, increasing the enzyme concentration further will not increase the rate of reaction.

5. Inhibitors: Enzyme activity can be inhibited by various molecules known as inhibitors. Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for binding to the enzyme's active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme, altering its shape and reducing its activity. Inhibitors can be reversible or irreversible, and they can have a significant impact on enzyme function.