German measles.

German measles, also known as rubella, is a contagious viral infection that causes a distinctive red rash and mild fever. It is typically a mild illness, but can be dangerous for pregnant women as it can cause birth defects in the fetus. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent German measles.

German measles (rubella)

Overview

- Viral infection that is usually mild in children but can cause serious complications in pregnant women.
- Can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.

Causes

- Rubella virus

Transmission

- Airborne droplets from infected individuals who cough or sneeze

Symptoms

Childhood
- Mild fever
- Rash (pink or red blotches that start on the face and spread to the body)
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Mild cold-like symptoms (runny nose, cough, sore throat)

Pregnancy
- Can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the fetus:
- Heart defects
- Cataracts
- Hearing loss
- Mental developmental delays

Prevention

- Vaccination (MMR vaccine)
- Avoiding contact with infected individuals during pregnancy

Treatment

- No specific treatment for rubella
- Supportive care to manage symptoms (e.g., fever reducers, pain relievers)

Complications

- In children:
- Rarely serious
- In pregnant women:
- Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
- Miscarriage
- Stillbirth

Prognosis

- Most children recover fully without complications.
- CRS can cause lifelong disabilities.

Importance of Vaccination

- Vaccination is crucial to prevent rubella and its potential complications, especially in pregnant women.
- MMR vaccine is safe and effective in preventing rubella.