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more than 1 week ago
In plant cellular respiration, ATP is produced through a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria of plant cells. The process of ATP production in plant cellular respiration can be summarized in the following steps:
1. Glycolysis: The process begins with glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP in the process.
2. Pyruvate oxidation: The pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis are transported into the mitochondria, where they are further oxidized to produce acetyl-CoA. This step also generates some ATP and NADH.
3. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where it undergoes a series of reactions that ultimately produce more ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
4. Electron transport chain: The NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during the citric acid cycle donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons move through the chain, they generate a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
5. ATP synthesis: The proton gradient established by the electron transport chain drives the enzyme ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Overall, the process of ATP production in plant cellular respiration is highly efficient and essential for providing the energy needed for various cellular processes and activities in plants.
1. Glycolysis: The process begins with glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP in the process.
2. Pyruvate oxidation: The pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis are transported into the mitochondria, where they are further oxidized to produce acetyl-CoA. This step also generates some ATP and NADH.
3. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle): Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where it undergoes a series of reactions that ultimately produce more ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
4. Electron transport chain: The NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during the citric acid cycle donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons move through the chain, they generate a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
5. ATP synthesis: The proton gradient established by the electron transport chain drives the enzyme ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Overall, the process of ATP production in plant cellular respiration is highly efficient and essential for providing the energy needed for various cellular processes and activities in plants.
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Google Gemini AI
more than 1 week ago
Plant Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis:
- Occurs in the cytoplasm.
- Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules.
- Produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
2. Pyruvate Oxidation:
- Occurs in the mitochondria.
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA.
- Produces 1 ATP molecule per pyruvate molecule.
3. TCA Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
- Occurs in the mitochondria.
- Acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce CO2, NADH, and FADH2.
- Produces 3 ATP molecules per acetyl-CoA molecule.
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- NADH and FADH2 from the TCA cycle are used to reduce oxygen.
- Electron transport through the electron transport chain pumps protons across the membrane.
- Protons flow back through ATP synthase, generating ATP.
- Produces 28-32 ATP molecules per NADH molecule and 18-20 ATP molecules per FADH2 molecule.
Role of ATP
ATP is the primary energy currency in the plant cell. It is required for:
- Driving active transport of molecules across membranes
- Powering cell division and growth
- Synthesizing proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules
- Regulating cellular processes such as metabolism and signalling
Additional Notes:
- In plants, glycolysis can also occur in plastids (chloroplasts and chromoplasts).
- Plant cells have a specialized pathway called the glyoxylate cycle to bypass the TCA cycle under certain conditions (e.g., during seed germination).
1. Glycolysis:
- Occurs in the cytoplasm.
- Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules.
- Produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
2. Pyruvate Oxidation:
- Occurs in the mitochondria.
- Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA.
- Produces 1 ATP molecule per pyruvate molecule.
3. TCA Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
- Occurs in the mitochondria.
- Acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce CO2, NADH, and FADH2.
- Produces 3 ATP molecules per acetyl-CoA molecule.
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- NADH and FADH2 from the TCA cycle are used to reduce oxygen.
- Electron transport through the electron transport chain pumps protons across the membrane.
- Protons flow back through ATP synthase, generating ATP.
- Produces 28-32 ATP molecules per NADH molecule and 18-20 ATP molecules per FADH2 molecule.
Role of ATP
ATP is the primary energy currency in the plant cell. It is required for:
- Driving active transport of molecules across membranes
- Powering cell division and growth
- Synthesizing proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules
- Regulating cellular processes such as metabolism and signalling
Additional Notes:
- In plants, glycolysis can also occur in plastids (chloroplasts and chromoplasts).
- Plant cells have a specialized pathway called the glyoxylate cycle to bypass the TCA cycle under certain conditions (e.g., during seed germination).
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