Preconventional level?

The preconventional level is the first stage of moral development in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. At this level, individuals make moral decisions based on self-interest and avoiding punishment. The focus is on obedience and avoiding negative consequences rather than on understanding and internalizing moral principles. This level is typically seen in young children and individuals who have not yet developed a more sophisticated understanding of morality.

Preconventional level

The preconventional level is the first stage of moral development in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. This stage is typically associated with children ages 4 to 10, although it may also be found in adults who have not developed beyond this stage.

At the preconventional level, individuals make moral decisions based on external rewards and punishments. They view morality as a set of rules that they must follow in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards. They are not yet capable of understanding the abstract principles of right and wrong, and they tend to be egocentric in their moral thinking.

There are two stages within the preconventional level:

- Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation. At this stage, individuals believe that morality is about obeying authority figures and avoiding punishment. They believe that the best way to behave is to do what is told to them by their parents, teachers, or other authority figures.
- Stage 2: Self-interest orientation. At this stage, individuals begin to realize that they can make their own decisions about what is right and wrong. They begin to consider their own needs and interests when making moral decisions, and they may be willing to disobey authority figures if they believe that their own interests are at stake.