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Provide a comparative outline of embryogenesis in the protosomia and Deuterosomia?
Simon Marweyi
Feb 1
Provide a comparative outline of embryogenesis in the protosomia and Deuterosomia?
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Feb 1
Embryogenesis is the process of development of an embryo from a fertilized egg. It involves various stages and processes that differ between different groups of animals. In this comparative outline, we will focus on the embryogenesis of protostomes and deuterostomes, two major groups of animals.
Protostomes:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes spiral and determinate cleavage, resulting in cells with specific fates.
2. Coelom formation: Protostomes typically develop a coelom (body cavity) through a process called schizocoely, where the mesoderm splits to form the coelom.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore, the opening formed during gastrulation, becomes the mouth in protostomes.
4. Gastrulation: Invagination occurs during gastrulation, forming a blastopore that will become the mouth.
5. Fate of the mesoderm: The mesoderm in protostomes gives rise to the muscles, reproductive organs, and other structures.
6. Development of the nervous system: In protostomes, the nervous system develops from a solid cord of ectodermal cells that later forms a ventral nerve cord.
Deuterostomes:
1. Cleavage: Deuterostomes undergo radial and indeterminate cleavage, resulting in cells that can develop into any cell type.
2. Coelom formation: Deuterostomes typically develop a coelom through a process called enterocoely, where the coelom forms from outpocketings of the archenteron.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore becomes the anus in deuterostomes.
4. Gastrulation: Invagination occurs during gastrulation, forming a blastopore that will become the anus.
5. Fate of the mesoderm: The mesoderm in deuterostomes gives rise to the muscles, reproductive organs, and other structures.
6. Development of the nervous system: In deuterostomes, the nervous system develops from a hollow tube of ectodermal cells that later forms a dorsal nerve cord.
Overall, the key differences between protostomes and deuterostomes in embryogenesis lie in the cleavage pattern, coelom formation, blastopore fate, and the development of the nervous system. These differences reflect the evolutionary divergence between these two major groups of animals.
Protostomes:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes spiral and determinate cleavage, resulting in cells with specific fates.
2. Coelom formation: Protostomes typically develop a coelom (body cavity) through a process called schizocoely, where the mesoderm splits to form the coelom.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore, the opening formed during gastrulation, becomes the mouth in protostomes.
4. Gastrulation: Invagination occurs during gastrulation, forming a blastopore that will become the mouth.
5. Fate of the mesoderm: The mesoderm in protostomes gives rise to the muscles, reproductive organs, and other structures.
6. Development of the nervous system: In protostomes, the nervous system develops from a solid cord of ectodermal cells that later forms a ventral nerve cord.
Deuterostomes:
1. Cleavage: Deuterostomes undergo radial and indeterminate cleavage, resulting in cells that can develop into any cell type.
2. Coelom formation: Deuterostomes typically develop a coelom through a process called enterocoely, where the coelom forms from outpocketings of the archenteron.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore becomes the anus in deuterostomes.
4. Gastrulation: Invagination occurs during gastrulation, forming a blastopore that will become the anus.
5. Fate of the mesoderm: The mesoderm in deuterostomes gives rise to the muscles, reproductive organs, and other structures.
6. Development of the nervous system: In deuterostomes, the nervous system develops from a hollow tube of ectodermal cells that later forms a dorsal nerve cord.
Overall, the key differences between protostomes and deuterostomes in embryogenesis lie in the cleavage pattern, coelom formation, blastopore fate, and the development of the nervous system. These differences reflect the evolutionary divergence between these two major groups of animals.
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