The theory of pessimism ?

Pessimism is a philosophical perspective that emphasizes the negative aspects of life and human existence. It is the belief that life is inherently difficult, painful, and ultimately meaningless. Pessimists often view the world as a place of suffering and struggle, and may have a cynical or fatalistic outlook on life.

The theory of pessimism suggests that human beings are inherently flawed and that suffering and hardship are inevitable parts of the human experience. Pessimists may argue that life is filled with uncertainty, disappointment, and suffering, and that happiness and fulfillment are fleeting and ultimately unattainable.

Some famous proponents of pessimism include philosophers such as Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche, who both explored the darker aspects of human existence and the futility of human striving. Pessimism can also be found in literature, art, and music, where artists often express themes of despair, disillusionment, and existential angst.

Overall, the theory of pessimism challenges the idea that life is inherently good or meaningful, and instead suggests that human existence is marked by struggle, suffering, and ultimately, a sense of futility.