What are the extremes of intelligence ?

The extremes of intelligence can be broadly categorized into two categories: intellectual disability and giftedness.

1. Intellectual Disability: This refers to individuals who have significantly below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Intellectual disability is typically diagnosed when an individual's IQ (intelligence quotient) falls below 70-75. The severity of intellectual disability is often classified into different levels, including mild, moderate, severe, and profound. People with intellectual disabilities may face challenges in areas such as learning, problem-solving, communication, and social skills.

2. Giftedness: Gifted individuals possess exceptionally high intellectual abilities and potential in specific areas. They often demonstrate advanced cognitive skills, creativity, and exceptional talent in domains such as academics, arts, music, or sports. Giftedness is typically identified through various assessments, including IQ tests, academic achievements, and expert evaluations. Gifted individuals may require specialized educational programs and support to fully develop their potential.

It is important to note that intelligence is a complex and multifaceted trait, and these extremes represent the lower and upper ends of the intelligence spectrum. Most individuals fall within the average range of intelligence, while a smaller percentage may exhibit exceptional abilities or face significant cognitive challenges.